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Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer begins when cells in the bladder grow abnormally. Most cases start in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder.

Our role is to provide supportive, complementary therapies alongside conventional care where appropriate.

Explore our approach
Medically reviewed by Dr Thapana Tangshewinsirikul (Dr Tom), Oncology Director. Last reviewed 2026-09-30.
Patient sits in a black leather chair having a conversation with a medical professional in scrubs who is sitting in front of her.
Dr Jan consulting with a patient, Verita Life Bangkok.

01 / Overview

About bladder cancer

Also known as: Urothelial bladder cancer.

The pathology report identifies the cell type and grade. Tests also establish whether cancer has reached the bladder muscle or spread elsewhere. These findings matter because cancers confined to the lining and cancers involving muscle often need different treatment plans.

Sources: 1

02 / Types

Bladder Cancer types

The diagnosis on your pathology report guides the discussion. The main distinctions include:

  • Urothelial carcinoma

    The most common form, arising in the cells lining the bladder. It is also called transitional cell carcinoma.
  • Squamous cell carcinoma

    A less common cancer involving squamous cells in the bladder.
  • Adenocarcinoma

    An uncommon form involving gland-forming cells. Specialist pathology helps distinguish it from other bladder cancers.

Sources: 1

03 / Symptoms

Bladder Cancer symptoms

Blood in the urine is an important symptom to have assessed. Other urinary changes can also occur.

  • Blood in the urine, including a small amount or an episode that stops
  • Burning or pain when passing urine
  • Needing to urinate more often or more urgently
  • Repeated urinary tract infections
  • Persistent lower abdominal or back pain

These symptoms can have other causes, including infection. Arrange prompt medical assessment for blood in the urine, even if it happens only once or is painless.

Sources: 4

04 / Stages

Bladder Cancer stages

Stages 0 and I have not reached the bladder muscle. Stage II involves muscle. Stage III extends into surrounding tissues or regional lymph nodes, while stage IV describes more extensive local disease or distant spread. Grade describes how abnormal the cells appear and is considered alongside stage.

Sources: 2

05 / Conventional care

Conventional treatment

Surgery and treatment inside the bladder
Early tumours may be removed through the urethra. Depending on recurrence risk, treatment delivered into the bladder, such as BCG or chemotherapy, may follow. Some patients need removal of part or all of the bladder.
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Chemotherapy may be used around surgery or together with radiotherapy. The treatment team can explain whether a bladder-preserving approach is suitable and what follow-up it requires.
Medicines for advanced disease
Immunotherapy or targeted medicines may be considered in selected situations. The choice depends on the cancer, previous treatment, and the patient’s health.

Sources: 3, 5

06 / Verita Life care

Your care at Verita Life

Care at Verita Life considers physical and mental wellbeing, emotional support, and lifestyle alongside oncology treatment.

Medical consultation
Our team will work with you and your medical history, and coordinate with your ongoing treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy.
Individual care planning
The care plan takes account of your diagnosis, treatment history, lifestyle, and individual circumstances.
Support through treatment
Our compassionate team focuses on guidance, education, and emotional support in a calm and relaxing environment.
More about care at Verita Life

Bring the pathology report and details of any bladder surgery, BCG, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy to the consultation. Tell the team about urinary symptoms and any changes in how urine is passed.

07 / Therapies

Treatments and therapies

The treatment families below explain the wider Verita Life service. They are not a list of treatments recommended for everyone with this diagnosis.

Your consultation is the place to discuss which options, if any, are appropriate alongside your current treatment. Ask about the purpose of each proposed therapy, its evidence for your cancer type, possible risks, and how it fits with your oncologist’s plan.

The treatments below are used across cancer types. Which ones apply to you is decided in your consultation.

Explore treatment families

All treatments

08 / Patient stories

Patient stories

Conne, patient story

Conne

Bladder Cancer

Year
2021
I went to the University of Pennsylvania, Sloan Kettering and Johns Hopkins and basically they told me, see you!

09 / Questions

Questions patients ask

Where does bladder cancer usually start?

Most bladder cancers begin in the urothelium, the lining on the inside of the bladder. The pathology report identifies the cell type, which helps our medical team plan your care.

What does muscle-invasive bladder cancer mean?

Muscle-invasive disease has grown into the bladder muscle. Non-muscle-invasive disease has not reached that layer. This distinction is important when the specialist discusses treatment options.

Source: National Cancer Institute

What should I bring to a bladder cancer consultation?

Bring your pathology report and records of bladder surgery, BCG, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Tell the team about urinary symptoms and changes in how you pass urine.

Source: Verita Life cancer guide

10 / Sources

Sources and medical review

Medically reviewed by Dr Thapana Tangshewinsirikul (Dr Tom), Oncology Director. Last reviewed 2026-09-30.

  1. National Cancer Institute: Bladder Cancer
  2. National Cancer Institute: Bladder cancer stages
  3. National Cancer Institute: Treatment of bladder cancer by stage
  4. NHS: Bladder Cancer symptoms
  5. NHS: Bladder Cancer treatment

Care at Verita Life

Discuss your care with Verita Life

Speak with our care team about your diagnosis, current treatment, and the support you are looking for.
A Verita Life doctor in consultation
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